(1) Detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil, surface water, and air near large-scale dairy farms in the Central Valley, CA.

(2) Characterize antibiotic-resistant bacteria and avian influenza in environmental and animal samples from dairy farms in Western Maryland.

(3) Identify impacts of animal waste management strategies on exposures to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rural households in Nepal.

(4) Evaluate small-scale biodigester system use and functionality and impacts on exposures to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rural Nepal.